Sunday 27 October 2024

The Senselessness of Internet Discussions on the “Aryan” Issue


The Senselessness of Internet Discussions on the “Aryan” Issue

Shrikant G. Talageri

 

I have basically stopped writing articles, whether on ancient history or on politics, since I am tired of repeating myself ad nauseam for people who do not, or cannot, read. Life is too short and precious to waste time repeating myself again and again into a vacuum. But sometimes, when something really taking the cake in ridiculousness is brought to my notice, my sense of humor tempts me to give a “response”. I have managed to avoid this temptation for a long time, but today a tweet was brought to my notice which was so hilarious (again a tweet by one of those pompous AIT-supporting Brahmins who cannot control their pathetic obsession with trying to link their superior Brahmin selves to alleged “Aryans” coming from the golden west which allegedly brackets them genetically with white Europeans rather than with Indian non-Brahmins, and who therefore regularly pour out their illiterate tweets on X), and so revealing about the writer’s ignorance and imbecility, that I sat down to write a short tongue-in-cheek piece.

The tweet in question is by a clownish AIT-supporting Brahmin Rahul @Rahulkrish91858:

Haha typical argument for sake of it ...Son firstly as per western scholars it was translated as attendants not as elephant . But son it was talageri who translated it as elephant . I think you better ask @ElstKoenraadabout ibha .

 

Why trouble @ElstKoenraad with half-witted comments?

I do believe, however egotistic on my part it may seem to many, that I have revolutionized the subject of Rigvedic historical studies, that I have discovered many absolutely unchallengeable types of revolutionary evidence in the Rigveda conclusively proving the OIT beyond any doubt, and that no-one can prove anything that I have written to be wrong. But honestly, this clown gives me credit for something so incredible that even I am staggered! According to him the translation of the Rigvedic word ibha as “elephant” was first done by me, and that before I made this translation all scholars were unanimous that ibha means “attendants”!!!

What he is suggesting is so ridiculous, even as his fantastic estimation of my power and influence is incredibly naïve and flattering, that I feel I must spell out exactly what he is in effect saying. And to understand what he is saying one must read the works of Rigvedic scholars and see how they have dealt with the word ibha:

Two great Indological scholars, Pischel and Geldner, translate the word ibha, regularly, as “elephant” (Geldner, it must be noted, is the scholar whose translations were described by Witzel as the most reliable ones when he was castigating me for allegedly “relying” “wholly” on “unreliable” Griffith).

Here is what I had written in my article on elephants about this  translation as “attendants”:

 

Throughout the entire history of Indian Vedic and linguistic tradition, the word íbha- means "elephant": the Uṇādi Sūtra (III.147) of Pāṇini (or, according to many authorities, of sources even anterior to him) tells us that the word means hastī "elephant". The same meaning is given by Yāska, Mahīdhara, Sāyaṇa, and all other traditional Indian Vedic scholars, grammarians, etymologists and lexicographers. Many of the western Indologists (Müller, Wilson, Uhlenbeck, Pischel, Geldner) also unambiguously translate the word as "elephant".

 

Then what is the basis for translating the word as "attendants, servants"? This motif was introduced in the last few hundred years, in defiance of the meaning accepted since thousands of years, and without any basis in either Indo-European or Sanskrit etymology, initially by a motley crowd of Indologists (Ludwig, Grassmann, Roth, Zimmer, etc.), on the basis of the following: the Nirukta of Yāska (6.12) elaborates on the meaning of "yāhi rājevamavāṁ ibhena" (a section of the Rigvedic verse IV.4.1) as follows: "yāhi rājeva/ amātyavān/ abhyamanavān/ svavānvā/ irābhṛtā gaṇena gatamayena/ hastinetivā", i.e. "Go like a king who is accompanied by his minister, or who is the terror of his enemies, or who is followed by his own attendants, i.e. retinue well nourished with food, or (riding) a fearless elephant". The word "attendants" in the above commentary actually refers to the word ama: Wilson, in his footnote to his translation, tells us that "ama has also different interpretations, a minister, for amátya, or ama, an associate". But it has been transferred to the following word íbha and interpreted as the "real" meaning of the word íbha - so the "misinterpretation of an original Vedic text" was done not by ancient Indian grammarians, lexicographers and interpreters of the Rigveda, but by certain early Indologists - and this misinterpretation has been blindly followed by most subsequent Indological scholars.

 

It may, incidentally, be noted that the word íbha is translated as "attendants, servants" by Griffith, who follows that interpretation, when the context is sufficiently general, eg. "Tugra with his íbhas", but in IX.57.3, where the reference is to people decking up an íbha, he perforce translates the word as "elephant"!

 

But, on the basis of this authoritative "evidence", scholars like Blažek (see above) confidently assert that "the meaning 'elephant' appears only in the later language (Mānava Dharmaśāstra) probably thanks to misinterpretation of an original Vedic text",

 

But according to this clown Rahul @Rahulkrish91858, all the Indologists have been regularly translating the word as “attendants”, and I was the first to translate it as “elephant”. In that case, then, are we assume that all the Indologists of the past named above (Müller, Wilson, Uhlenbeck, Pischel, Geldner, and in some cases also Griffith) and all the ancient to medieval Indian Vedic scholars (from Pāṇini and Yāska to Mahīdhara and Sāyaṇa), all during their widely differing chronological points of existence, were equipped with crystal balls into which they were constantly gazing to see what translations or mistranslations of the Rigveda would be initiated by 20th-21st century CE writers; and the moment they saw me translating the word as “elephant”, they were so impressed that they immediately followed suit and mis-translated the word as “elephant” themselves following my example?

Sorry, Krish baby, flattering though your suggestion is to my ego, it is a bit too thick to swallow, even for me!

This is just one out of countless examples of the kind of illiterate bullshit that is bandied around on the internet, and even in so called academic forums, in respect of the AIT-OIT debate. I have written everything that was to be written and, except when I am in the mood to find it entertaining to point out the idiocies of clowns like the one illustrated here, I genuinely see no need to set pen to paper (or keyboard to computer) to keep repeating myself on any matter concerning the “Aryan” debate.

 

I finished writing the above two days ago, but did not upload it because I was wondering whether such illiterate imbeciles deserved to have me wasting my time on taking note of their senseless comments and pontifications. But today someone brought to my notice another tweet by this clown Rahul @Rahulkrish91858::

Pleistocene is dated pre-10K BCE but talageri' date doesn't go back beyond 4000BCE. Talageri also make a mistake stating that Oldest sections of rigveda is composed in Harayana and UP but according to Oldest sections of rigveda mentions about extreme cold so he was wrong.

 

The man seems totally incapable of understanding the simplest points. According to him, the actual geographical data in the Rigveda, in the oldest books, which shows that the oldest sections are composed in Haryana and UP, have no relevance whatsoever, but general poetic references to “extreme cold” prove…. what? That these oldest parts were composed in the Arctic region or in the Steppes or in Central Asia  or in Kashmir?

To begin with he does not bother to list out these “mentions of extreme cold” in the oldest sections of the Rigveda. Secondly, as a resident of Mumbai, I have often read reports and articles in newspapers during certain particularly chilly spells in the winter months referring to “extreme cold” conditions prevailing in Mumbai. Where does this automatically locate Mumbai: in the Arctic region or in the Steppes or in Central Asia or in Kashmir?

This tendency to draw momentous historical or geographical conclusions from poetic phrases or references when the data and facts fail to provide aid is an old and jaded tactic among AIT writers and “scholars”. And particularly when contesting me, this is always the desperate last-ditch tactics of these losers when they cannot contest the data and facts presented by me. The following illustrates one such case quoted by me in my third book in 2008, where Witzel tried to counter the actual concrete references to “spokes” (i.e. spoked-wheels) in the Rigveda by treating references to the “swift” movements of vehicles in the Rigveda as automatic evidence of the existence of spokes! 

Spoked wheels: In the year 2000, shortly after the publication of my second book, I was drawn into an e-mail debate between Farmer (joined later by Witzel) and some OIT protagonists on the subject of references to spoked wheels. It was the claim of Farmer and Witzel that the references to spoked wheels throughout the RV showed that the traditionalist OIT claim that the RV was completed by the fourth millennium BCE was wrong, and the AIT claim that the RV as a whole was composed in the late second millennium BCE was right, since spoked wheels were invented in the late third millennium BCE.  

The OIT side of the debate was unable to provide any coherent reply, and their main argument was that spoked wheels probably existed earlier, and only remained to be found in the archaeological record. However, appealing to faith against facts has never been my line, and I decided to examine the distribution of the references to spokes in the RV. I was confident they would be found only in the Late Books, and not “throughout” the RV. And, surely enough, that indeed was the exact case. The following are the only verses in the RV which refer to spokes:

V. 13.6; 58.5.

I. 32.15; 141.9; 164.11-13,48.

VIII. 20.14; 77.3.

X. 78.4.

It was then Farmer and Witzel who were reduced to appealing to faith against facts: quoting poetic references in the Rigveda to the “swift” motion of vehicles as evidence of the existence of spokes (as if references, in the RV, to vehicles “moving through the sky” were evidence of aeroplanes, and references to the destruction of mountains by Indra’s weapon can be cited as evidence of atomic weapons or explosives.). In fact, Witzel indulges in his compulsive lying and fraudulent behaviour in the recent Bryant-Patton volume, where he writes: “There have been efforts, of course always on the internet, to push back the dates of chariots and spoked wheels (also implied by Talageri’s 2000 years composition period for the RV, see Witzel 2001a,b)” (WITZEL 2005:393, note 159). When, in fact, far from “pushing back the dates” of spoked-wheeled chariots, I placed those dates exactly where Farmer and Witzel placed them, and only pointed out that the total ignorance of spokes in the books of the Early and Middle periods “pushed back” the dates of those books to periods before the invention of spokes.

In short, the Early and Middle Books of the Rigveda hark back to a period in the third millennium BCE or earlier, when spoked wheels were yet unknown or uninvented” (TALAGERI 2008:189-191). 

 

The two examples of tweets by this clown given above show why it is basically senseless to indulge in discussions with such illiterate and dogmatic sepoys on internet (or indeed on any) forums. I will ignore further rantings from this man, but thought it necessary to illustrate the low intellectual level of discussions on the subject of the IE Homeland to show why it is futile and senseless to “discuss’ anything with such people.


Appendix added 28-10-2024:

The buffoon is not satisfied with making a fool of himself. He is compounding his error with the following tweet:

Talageri also blatantly lies saying oldest section of mention of hima in old Rigveda (mandala 6) occurs only once. But reality RV6 mandala has most mention of hima in rigveda . Sometimes people resort to blatant lies . Now he might say satahima doesn't mean winter as such. :D



And then he himself demonstrates his stupidity by quoting me as follows:

 

Haryana homeland: The word hima, in 10 verses in the Rigveda (I.34.1; 64.14; 116.8; 119.6; II.33.2; V.54.15; VI.48.8; VIII.73.3; X.37.10; 68.10), means "winter" (and winter is also not a "linguistic memory": it is a season occuring in every corner of India, and eg. the derived Marathi word for "winter" is hivāḷā. Further, far from depicting "memories" of a cold climate, in 4 of the references, the verses talk about the Indian winter offering relief from the burning heat of the Indian summer. Notably the only reference in the three Oldest Books, VI.48.8 above, is in a Redacted Hymn), and it is only in a very late reference in X.121.4 (a reference to the snow-covered mountains of the Himalayas or the northwest) that it means "snow", and in another reference in a New Book, in VIII.32.26, it could possibly refer to a weapon made of ice.

When the whole point about this piece that he quotes from my article “The Full Out-of-India Case in Short…” is that hima does not mean “snow” or “ice” except in one verse (X.121.4) and possibly in another (VIII.32.26), and that everywhere else, it means only “winter” (a season found in every part of India and therefore not in itself an indicator of “memories” of a snowy climate), how does he conclude from this that now I “might say that satahima doesn’t mean winter as such”? Was he in a state of inebriation when he put up this tweet, or is that (which is more likely to be the case) the normal level of functioning of his brain?

In my article I listed the ten verses which refer to hima by itself, since these are the verses where the word could be deliberately and fraudulently mis-translated by AIT supporters as “snow/ice”, rather than as “winter”, in order to claim “memories” of a snowy land. The phrase satahima can only mean hundred winters, and not hundred “snows/ices”, and so I did not list them.

Pathetic!

   

Monday 12 August 2024

Indian Citizenship for Bangladeshi Hindu Refugees?

 

Indian Citizenship for Bangladeshi Hindu Refugees?

 Shrikant G. Talageri

 

How long does it take for a citizen of another country to get citizenship in India?

According to google, when asked the question "how many years of residence in India qualify for citizenship?":

"Foreigners may become Indian citizens by naturalisation after residing in the country for at least 12 years and renouncing any previous nationalities". Another source says the time period is 11 years.

 

Today, Hindus are again being massacred in Bangladesh, after the ignominious expulsion of Sheikh Hasina. If any Bangladeshi today manages to escape from Bangladesh alive and enters as a refugee into India and continues to remain here and this fact of his residence here is noted in official records, he will be able to get citizenship sometime in 2036 at the earliest regardless of whether he is a Hindu or a Muslim or the follower of any other religion, both as per pre-2014 laws and post-2014 ones.

 

In 2014, the BJP brought in a C.A.A. (Citizenship Amendment Act) to "fast-track" the citizenship of Hindu-etc. (i.e. non-Muslim) refugees from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan entering India due to persecution in those countries. The Act was not passed in 2014. It was later passed on December 11 2019. As per this bill (both as conceived in 2014 and amended in 2019), a Bangladeshi Hindu who enters India today in 2024 as a refugee will still not be eligible for citizenship until 2035 or 2036, since the waiting period has been reduced from 11 or 12 years to 5 years only for those who had already entered India before 31 December 2014! Even without this amendment, it would have taken exactly the same period (of 11 or 12 years) for anyone (Hindu, Muslim, or anything else) entering India after 2014 to acquire Indian citizenship.

It may be noted that the BJP was in full control of its decisions for 10 years from 2014 to 2024. It was not dependent on the assent of any ally (supporting party), and certainly the sweeping way in which the BJP government has been taking controversial decisions from 2014 onwards (starting with demonetization and going on to large-scale attacks on opposition parties using state weapons like the ED, CBI and IT department to split parties and engineer defections and even to decide which faction of any split opposition party should retain its original name and electoral symbol) does not indicate that it was ever prevented from doing what it really wanted to do out of fear of lok-laaj or criticism. Clearly it never wanted to provide any support to Hindu refugees being persecuted in foreign countries.

 

Today the BJP has the excuse that it is prevented from doing things for Hindus because of pressure from secular allies. It did not have that excuse for 10 years from 2014-2024, and did not even feel the need to make a pretence of wanting to do anything for Hindus during those 10 years. Now that it has that excuse once more (as it did before 2014), it is back to its pre-2014 games of pretending to be wanting to do things for Hindus, secure in the knowledge that failure to be able to do so is already automatically excused!! And, of course coming up with lame-duck measures (like the C.A.A.) even on the issues on which they now want to pretend to be keen to do something. So we see (or so I am told) a lame-duck attempt to show that they want to do something about the waqf issue which has been brought to the attention of literate Hindus after Anand Ranganathan's recent book, by introducing (or pretending to want to introduce) half-baked and ineffective amendments to the waqf laws.

 

Is the BJP solely responsible for turning Hindu issues into a sick joke? It must be remembered that all its treacheries and backstabbing of Hindus from 2014-2024 were fully defended, supported, whitewashed and justified by millions of bhakts ranging from Hindu intellectuals to common Hindu voters who thought (or rather pretended to think) that a 1000-year Reich of uncontrolled BJP rule had commenced in 2014 and so there was plenty of time (forever, in fact) and no hurry to do all these "Hindu" things which could be done at some time in future if at all. They egged the BJP on, by word, gesture and action, to continue in its treacheries and backstabbing with assurances that they were on the right track.

 

Today, a section of Hindu intellectuals has started an online petition asking that something be done about the persecuted Hindus in Bangladesh. And what is that "something" that the petition wants done? Here in the words of the petition itself"

"We, the undersigned, urge the Indian Parliament to

Pass a unanimous resolution in recognition of the ongoing violence against Hindus in Bangladesh, and to condemn this wave of communal violence. 

Work with international bodies, such as the United Nations, to pressure the Bangladeshi authorities to take concrete steps to protect their Hindu minority and hold perpetrators accountable (https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/08/1152811).  

Advocate for providing humanitarian assistance and asylum options for Hindus fleeing persecution in Bangladesh. 

It is imperative that we act now to prevent further atrocities and support the fundamental human rights of the Hindu community in Bangladesh. Your support can make a significant difference in mobilizing international action and ensuring that these vulnerable populations receive the protection they need."

This petition still does not demand that Hindus persecuted in any country (whether Bangladesh in the present circumstances or any other) be given full rights to get asylum and citizenship in India in the same manner as any Jew persecuted in any other country (or perhaps even without any prerequisite of persecution) has the right to get asylum and citizenship in Israel.

And it wants the Indian Parliament to "advocate" (Muslim and Christian countries?) to provide "asylum options" for these fleeing Hindus!

 

The Kashmiri Hindus who fled Kashmir during and after the late eighties and the Meitei Hindus who have been laid siege in Manipur never had the happy circumstance of such online petitions in their favor (of course there was no "online" in the 1900s, but there were no offline petitions either)! Perhaps the Kashmiri Hindus would still have been living in Kashmir today in full freedom and happiness and in full possession of their lands and homes, and the Meitei Hindus would also have acquired ST status like other non-Hindu inhabitants of Manipur, if Hindu intellectuals all over India had only taken the trouble to bring such petitions to urge the Indian Parliament and the United Nations to give justice to them!

If the Indian Parliament (i.e. the Secularists and leftists in that august body) and the United Nations (i.e. the Muslim and Christian countries) cold-shoulder this present petition (already those in Parliament demanding that Rohingyas be given Indian citizenship are either silent or vocal against allowing Bangladeshi Hindus into India, and the western media is busy justifying the massacres of Hindus in Bangladesh as "revenge" for Hindu atrocities!), then of course they (i.e. the non-BJP members of Parliament, and the United Nations) will be responsible for the fate of the Bangladeshi Hindus. The BJP and Hindu intellectuals will have done their best and will have no responsibility in the matter!!

Appropriately it was Marx (or at least I think it was) who wrote "History repeats itself, first as tragedy, then as farce". The cycle of tragedies, i.e. of Islamic invasions, Islamic rule and Partition ended in 1947. Now there are only farces being re-enacted all over India. Again and again.      

 

Tuesday 16 July 2024

Attacking Hindu icons who "betray" the BJP

 

Attacking Hindu icons who "betray" the BJP

Shrikant G. Talageri

 

The latest trend in the BJP journals seems to be to attack Hindus icons who speak out against the BJP (or even fail to utter magic mantras to make the BJP cross 400 seats) and to call them betrayers. Indiafacts recently published an article lambasting the RSS for having "betrayed" the BJP by somehow being responsible for not helping them cross 400 seats. Now, as only to be expected, Hindu seers who criticize the BJP or say anything inconvenient to the BJP are under attack:

https://swarajyamag.com/newsletters/shankaracharya-or-a-power-broker

Naturally logic has little role in this "all Hindu icons who do not support the BJP are traitors" campaign. Note the following gems in this article:

 

1. "it is time Hindus radically think about dismantling old structures and build new structures of Dharma based on the principles of true Sanatana Dharma".

That is, now organizations like the RSS and Hindu schools of seers and sages do not represent Hinduism. They are "old structures" (like the old temples in Varanasi which were demolished to create an elite-tourist-friendly slick modern ambience) that have to be "demolished". Now Modi ji and the BJP represent the "new structures of Dharma based on the principles of true Sanatana Dharma".

 

2. "Dharmacharyas today are seen aligning with the wealthy and powerful, rather than championing Dharma and justice.

From attending lavish events to endorsing casteism, these Dharmacharyas seem to stray from their spiritual duties."

Modi ji, the BJP leaders and the Dharmacharyas who support them are of course known for their frugal lifestyles (like the ex-CM of Tripura of the CPM, Manik Sarkar), and for policies and activities which show a strict refusal to be "seen aligning with the wealthy and powerful, rather than championing Dharma and justice" or to be seen "attending lavish events" or to be seen "endorsing casteism"!!!! One doesn't know whether to laugh or to cry!

 

3. "Past Dharmacharyas like Samartha Ramadas, Thirunavukarasar, and Thirumazhisai Azhwar stood firm in their principles, refusing wealth and power in favour of Dharma…. The current ones fail to live up to this legacy and appear more like power brokers than spiritual guides."

Isn't this insulting to Yogi Adityanath, not to mention all the sadhus, seers and spiritual leaders who have spoken out in support of the Ayodhya movement and the BJP or Hindu politics in the past?

 

4. " Case in Point: Avimukteshwaranand Saraswati said Uddhav Thackeray was betrayed. However, if ever there was a betrayal, it was the ideals of a father (Balasaheb Thackeray) betrayed by the son (Uddhav).

·         Hasn't Uddhav Thackeray betrayed his late father by aligning with Congress dynast who abuses Veer Savarkar in the vilest terms?

·         Hasn't Uddhav Thackeray betrayed Balasaheb by joining Sharad Pawar who lied about the Mumbai bomb blasts, adding a Hindu angle to it?

It appears Avimukteshwaranand Saraswati's conscience did not even feel a slight pang at this betrayal."

This raises or ignores several points.

1. During and after the Emergency, Bal Thackeray was the only political leader in the whole of India (apart from the CPI) who supported Indira Gandhi when everyone (from the RSS and Jan Sangh to the Jamaat-e-Islami and the Shahi Iman to the CPM and Naxalites apart from every Socialist party and groups of Congressmen) were ranged against her.

2. Of course Uddhav Thackeray has betrayed Hindutva (but the writer only feels a "pang" at his aligning with the Congress against the BJP). But the BJP has betrayed Hindutva on a much deeper and grander and more irreversible scale.

3. It was the BJP which first tried to align with Sharad Pawar in Maharashtra and even engineered a midnight coup where Ajit Pawar was sworn in a deputy CM (on the understanding that the entire NCP including Sharad Pawar would also be a part of the alliance). Then the Shiv Sena finalized its alliance with Sharad Pawar (although talks were already in progress).

4. Savarkar is remembered by the BJP only during elections, or in anti-Congress contexts. Otherwise, while Mulayam Singh Yadav, the butcher of karsewaks in Ayodhya, was given a Padma Vibhushan by the BJP (alongwith other pioneers of casteist politics who were given Bharat Ratnas and Padma Vibhushan awards), Savarkar was not considered worthy even of the lowest padma award, the Padma Shri.

5. One of the persons who released the book on "Hindu terror" was the then Congressman Kripa Shankar Singh who was given a Lok Sabha seat by the BJP in the recent elections.

The writer of the article "did not even feel a slight pang at this/these betrayal(s)."

 

5. "Saraswati, a self-styled Shankaracharya (whose status is court-stayed)…"

Not supporting the BJP raises all sorts of pseudo-legal issues (with the ED and I-tax authorities to do the follow-up?). There are many court cases involving the status of Hindu priests and seers all over the country.

This is what wikipedia on "Jyotir math" has to say about the status of  Avimukteshwaranand Saraswati:

"After the death of Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati, who was the Shankracharya of Dwarka Sharada Math, Swami Avimukteshwaranand Saraswati was made the Shankaracharya of Jyotirmath.[16] His coronation was endorsed by Sringeri and Dwarka peeth shankaracharyas. Supreme Court stopped his coronation as the new shankaracharya after an affidavit was filed by Puri Shankaracharya.[17] However many akharas including Akhil Bhartiya Akhara Parishad and sadhus have not accepted his appointment as the new shankaracharya".

I suppose the Sringeri and Dwarka peeth Shankaracharyas should also have their status questioned in court for endorsing a "self-styled" charlatan who praises or supports rivals of the BJP?  

 

6. "A civilisation needs religion to sustain itself. Religion needs institutions to sustain itself. These institutions, to empower themselves, need political and financial patronage, which comes from the wealthy and powerful in that society."

This is rich coming from a person who is castigating Hindu seers for supporting rivals of the BJP!! The BJP throughout its ten-year tenure absolutely refused to empower Hindi temples and religious and other (educational, etc.) institutions by the simple act of giving them mere equality with Muslim and Christian mosques/churches and religious and other (educational, etc.) institutions, by absolutely and categorically refusing to extend the scope of articles 25-30 of the Constitution to Hindus (something which even Syed Shahabuddin of the BMAC had been willing, and wanted, to do). The BJP thought that their 1000-year Reich had started and they would be in absolute power forever, and they did not want Hindu temples and religious and other (educational, etc.) institutions "to empower themselves" like the Muslim and Christian ones are already empowered, but to be at the permanent mercy of "political and financial patronage, which comes from the wealthy and powerful in that society".

All this is just the beginning of the "Hindutva" crackdown on Hindutva.